Adrenal Disorders refer to conditions that affect the adrenal glands — two small glands located above the kidneys that produce essential hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline. These hormones help regulate metabolism, blood pressure, stress response, and other vital functions. When the adrenal glands produce too much or too little of these hormones, it can lead to serious health problems. Common adrenal disorders include Addison’s Disease, Cushing’s Disease, and Adrenal Masses.

Addison’s Disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and skin darkening. In contrast, Cushing’s Disease results from excessive cortisol production, often caused by a pituitary tumour that overstimulates the adrenal glands. This can lead to weight gain (particularly around the abdomen and face), muscle weakness, high blood pressure, and mood changes. Adrenal Masses — which can be benign or, rarely, cancerous — may cause hormone overproduction or be discovered incidentally during imaging tests, requiring careful evaluation to determine their significance.

An Endocrinologist plays a critical role in diagnosing and managing Adrenal Disorders, using detailed hormonal testing and imaging studies to identify the underlying cause. Treatment varies depending on the condition and may involve hormone replacement for Addison’s Disease, surgery or medication to control excess cortisol in Cushing’s Disease, or monitoring and surgical management for Adrenal Masses. With expert care and ongoing follow-up, patients can achieve hormonal balance, prevent complications, and maintain a good quality of life.